Biophysical250 Glossary

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Autoimmune BiomarkersBiophysical250®


The immune system protects the body from potentially harmful substances such as microorganisms, toxins, and cancer cells. Autoimmune disorders develop when the immune system destroys normal body tissues, resulting in the destruction of one or more types of body tissues, abnormal growth of an organ, or changes in organ function.

Cardiovascular BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular). Heart disease is any disorder the affects the heart's ability to function normally. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart itself. A number of biomarkers are associated with the process of effects of cardiovascular disease.

Diabetes BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Diabetes is a lifelong disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produces by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both.

Endocrine BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Endocrine glands produce and secrete hormones into the blood or lymph systems. These glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, adrenal, islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, and the gonads. The effects of these hormones may affect one organ or tissue or the entire body.

Immune/Inflammation BiomarkersBiophysical250®


The immune system consists of certain types of white blood cells, antibodies, and other proteins that protect the body from potentially harmful substances, the inflammatory response is part of the immune reaction, and it occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause.

Infectious Disease BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections can be acute or chronic and affect every organ system. The causative agent of an infectious disease is often identified through the specific antibodies raised by the immune system to the infectious organism.

Bacterial/Parasitic Exposure

Viral Exposure


Established Biomarkers
Helicobacter pylori antibody
Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody
Streptolysin O antibody
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Specialized Biomarkers
Bordetella pertussis antibody
Campylobacter jejuni antibody
Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody
Chlamydia trachomatis antibody
Diphtheria toxin antibody
Leishmania donovani antibody
Lyme disease antibody
Mycobacteria tuberculosis antibody
Tetanus antibody
Toxoplasmosis Gondi antibody
Trypanosoma cruzi antibody

Established Biomarkers
Cytomegalovirus antibody
Epstein-Barr viral early antigen antibody
Hepatitis A antibody
hepatitis B core antibody
Hepatitis B surface antibody
Hepatitis B surface antigens
Hepatitis C antibody
Hepatitis D antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.3 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.6 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 3.3 kD antibody
Influenza A H3N2 antibody
Rubella antibody
Rubeola antibody
Varicella zoster IgG antibody
Varicella zoster IgM antibody

Specialized Biomarkers
Adenovirus antibody
Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D antibody
Herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D antibody
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 antibodies
Human papilloma virus antibody
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 antibodies
Influenza A antibody
Influenza B antibody
Mumps antibody
Parainfluenza type 1 antibody
Parainfluenza type 2 antibody
Parainfluenza type 3 antibody
Polio antibody
Respiratory syncytial virus antibody
Emerging Biomarkers
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen antibody
Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen antibody

Nutritional BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Malnutrition means a person's body is not getting enough nutrients. The condition may result from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive difficulties, absorption problems, or other medical conditions.

Osteoarthritis BiomarkersBiophysical250®


Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. Arthritis involves inflammation of one or more joints and the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage normally protects the joint, allowing for smooth movement. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk or otherwise bear weight. Without the usual amount of cartilage, the bones rub together, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and the formation of bone spurs.