Biophysical250 Glossary
View complete alphabetical listing
Autoimmune
Cancer
Cardiovascular
Cell Signaling
Autoimmune BiomarkersBiophysical250®
The immune system protects the body from potentially harmful substances such as microorganisms, toxins, and cancer cells. Autoimmune disorders develop when the immune system destroys normal body tissues, resulting in the destruction of one or more types of body tissues, abnormal growth of an organ, or changes in organ function.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Anti-nuclear antibody
C-reactive protein
Double-stranded DNA antibody
Ferritin
Haptoglobin
Beta-2-glyocoprotein Antibodies
Centromere protein B antibody
Collagen type 6 antibody
Complement factor C1q antibody
Histone antibody
Histone H1 antibody
Histone H2A antibody
Histone H2B antibody
Histone H3 antibody
Histone H4 antibody
Jo-1 antibody
Myeloperoxidase antibody
Myeloperoxidase antibody
PM-1 antibody
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proteinase 3 antibody
Ribosomal nuclear protein antibody
Ribosomal nuclear protein A antibody
Ribosomal nuclear protein C antibody
Ribosomal P antibodiy
Scleroderma 70 antibody
Smith antibody
SSA antibody
SSB anitbody
Cancer BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Cancer involves the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that have mutated from normal tissues. This growth can kill when these cells prevent normal function of vital organs or spread throughout the body, damaging essential systems. Certain cancers are frequently associated with specific serum biomarkers.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Basophil Count
Basophil Percentage
Beta-2-microglobulin
Cancer antigen 125
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Eosinophil count
Eosinophil percentage
Erythropoietin
Follicle stimulating hormone
Globulin
Growth hormone
Haptoglobin
Helicobacter pylori antibody
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Hepatitis C antibody
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin M
Insulin
Lactate dehydrogenase
Luteinizing hormone
Lymphocyte count
Lymphocyte percentage
Monocyte count
Neutrophil count
Neutrophil percentage
Platelet count
Prolactin
Prostate-specific antigen, free
Prostate-specific antigen, total
Testosterone
Total protein
White blood cell count
Alpha-fetoprotein
Calcitonin
Cancer antigen 15-3
Cancer antigen 19-9
Endothelin 1
Factor VII
Gastrin
Glutathione S-transferases
Human papilloma virus antibody
Prostatic acid phosphatase
Cardiovascular BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Cardiovascular refers to the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular). Heart disease is any disorder the affects the heart's ability to function normally. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart itself. A number of biomarkers are associated with the process of effects of cardiovascular disease.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Emerging Biomarkers
C-reactive protein
Cholesterol
Creatine kinase MB
Creatine kinase, total
Ferritin
Fibrinogen
Haptoglobin
High-density lipoprotein
Homocysteine
Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio
Triglycerides
von Willebrand factor
Apolipoprotein AI
B-type natriuretic peptide
Endothelin 1
Lipoprotein (a)
Myeloperoxidase antibody
Myoglobin
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody
Human papilloma virus antibody
Proteinase 3 antibody
Apolipoprotein CIII
Apolipoprotein H
Fatty acid binding protein
Fibroblast growth factor-basic form
Heat shock cognate protein 70 antibody
Heat shock protein 32 antibody
Heat shock protein 65 antibody
Heat shock protein 71 antibody
Heat shock protein 90 alpha antibody
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
Cell Signaling BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Immunity, inflammation, and the production of new blood cells are mediated by the complex interaction of a number of serum biomarkers called cytokines. They are elevated in processes relating to host disease and repair.
Emerging Biomarkers
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Eotaxin
Epidermal growth factor
Fibroblast growth factor-basic form
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
Insulin-like growth factors binding protein 3
Insulin-like growth factor-1
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 ALPHA)
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 BETA)
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Interleukin-3 (IL-3)
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
Interleukin-5 (IL-5)
Interleukin-7 (IL-7)
Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
Interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12 p40)
Interleukin-12 p70 (IL-12 p70)
Interleukin-13 (IL-13)
Interleukin-15 (IL-15)
Interleukin-16 (IL-16)
Interleukin-18 (IL-18)
Lymphotactin
Macrophage-derived chemokine
Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha
Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta
Matrix metalloproteinase 2
Matrix metalloproteinase 3
Matrix metalloproteinase 9
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1
Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted
Stem cell factor
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Tumor necrosis factor beta
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Diabetes BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Diabetes is a lifelong disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produces by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Emerging Biomarkers
Glucose
Insulin
Insulin antibody
C-peptide
Hemoglobin A1c
Leptin
Pacreatic islet cell antibody
Adiponectin
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
Insulin-like growth factor-1
Endocrine BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Endocrine glands produce and secrete hormones into the blood or lymph systems. These glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, adrenal, islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, and the gonads. The effects of these hormones may affect one organ or tissue or the entire body.
Pituitary/Adrenal
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Sex Hormones
Established Biomarkers
Cortisol
Follicle stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Established Biomarkers
Calcium
Parathyroid hormone
Phosphorus
Thyroglobulin antibody
Thyroid microsomal antibody
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroxine
Thyroxine binding globulin
Interleukin-16 (IL-16)
Interleukin-18 (IL-18)
Lymphotactin
Triiodothyronine
Specialized Biomarkers
Calcitonin
Thyroglobulin antigen
Thyroxine antibody
Triiodothyronine antibody
Established Biomarkers
Dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Estradiol
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Progesterone
Prolactin
Testosterone
Specialized Biomarkers
Androstenedione
Estriol, unconjugated
Thyroxine antibody
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Hematology BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Hematologic abnormalities can reflect problems with fluid volume (such as dehydration) or loss of blood. They can also reflect acute or chronic infection, allergies, anemia, or problems with clotting.
Established Biomarkers
Specialzed Biomarkers
Bilirubin, total
Eosinophil count
Eosinophil percentage
Erythropoietin
Ferritin
Fibrinogen
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Iron binding capacity, total
Iron, serum
Lactate dehydrogenase
Lymphocyte count
Lymphocyte percentage
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Mean corpuscular volume
Monocyte count
Neutrophil count
Neutrophil percentage
Platelet count
Interleukin-12 p70
Red blood cell count
Red blood cell distribution count
Vitamin B12
White blood cell count
Basophil Count
Basophil Percentage
Factor VII
Haptoglobin
Thrombopoietin
Tissue factor
von Willebrand factor
Immune/Inflammation BiomarkersBiophysical250®
The immune system consists of certain types of white blood cells, antibodies, and other proteins that protect the body from potentially harmful substances, the inflammatory response is part of the immune reaction, and it occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Emerging Biomarkers
Aspartate aminotransferase antigen
C-reactive protein
Haptoglobin
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin M
von Willebrand factor
Alpha-2-macroglobulin
Complement 3
Epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78
Heat shock protein 70 antibody
Heat shock protein 32 antibody
Heat shock protein 65 antibody
Heat shock protein 71 antibody
Heat shock protein 90 alpha antibody
Heat shock protein 90 beta antibody
Serum amyloid P
Infectious Disease BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections can be acute or chronic and affect every organ system. The causative agent of an infectious disease is often identified through the specific antibodies raised by the immune system to the infectious organism.
Bacterial/Parasitic Exposure
Viral Exposure
Established Biomarkers
Helicobacter pylori antibody
Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody
Streptolysin O antibody
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Specialized Biomarkers
Bordetella pertussis antibody
Campylobacter jejuni antibody
Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody
Chlamydia trachomatis antibody
Diphtheria toxin antibody
Leishmania donovani antibody
Lyme disease antibody
Mycobacteria tuberculosis antibody
Tetanus antibody
Toxoplasmosis Gondi antibody
Trypanosoma cruzi antibody
Established Biomarkers
Cytomegalovirus antibody
Epstein-Barr viral early antigen antibody
Hepatitis A antibody
hepatitis B core antibody
Hepatitis B surface antibody
Hepatitis B surface antigens
Hepatitis C antibody
Hepatitis D antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.3 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.6 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 3.3 kD antibody
Influenza A H3N2 antibody
Rubella antibody
Rubeola antibody
Varicella zoster IgG antibody
Varicella zoster IgM antibody
Specialized Biomarkers
Adenovirus antibody
Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D antibody
Herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D antibody
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 antibodies
Human papilloma virus antibody
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 antibodies
Influenza A antibody
Influenza B antibody
Mumps antibody
Parainfluenza type 1 antibody
Parainfluenza type 2 antibody
Parainfluenza type 3 antibody
Polio antibody
Respiratory syncytial virus antibody
Emerging Biomarkers
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen antibody
Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen antibody
Nutritional BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Malnutrition means a person's body is not getting enough nutrients. The condition may result from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive difficulties, absorption problems, or other medical conditions.
Established Biomarkers
Albumin
Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Amylase
Calcium
Carbon dioxide
Chloride
Cholesterol
Ferritin
Folic acid
Globulin
Glucose
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Iron binding capacity, total
Iron binding capacity, unsaturated
Iron, percent saturated
Iron, serum
Magnesium
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Phosphorus
Potassium
Organ Systems BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Major organ function is comprehensively evaluated with blood tests assessing the levels of serum biomarkers that are regulated or synthesized by the various organs. In many cases, specific biomarkers are associated with the cause of impaired function.
Gastrointestinal
Kidney
Liver
Established Biomarkers
Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody
Specialized Biomarkers
Campylobacter jejuni antibody
Emerging Biomarkers
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody
Gastrin
Tissue transglutaminase antibody
Established Biomarkers
Blood urea nitrogen
Blood urea nitrogen/creatine ratio
Carbon dioxide
Chloride
Creatine
Potassium
Sodium
Uric acid
Emerging Biomarkers
Beta-2-microglobulin
Established Biomarkers
Alanine aminotransferase
Alkaline phosphatase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Bilirubin, total
Ferritin
Fibrinogen
Gamma glutamyl transferase
Haptoglobin
Hepatitis A antibody
hepatitis B core antibody
Hepatitis B surface antibody
Hepatitis B surface antigens
Hepatitis C antibody
Hepatitis D antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.3 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 2.6 kD antibody
Hepatitis E orf 3.3 kD antibody
Iron binding capacity, total
Lactate dehydrogenase
Specialized Biomarkers
Alpha-1-antitrypsin
Cytochrome P450 antibody
Glutathione S-transferase
Mitochondrial antibody
Osteoarthritis BiomarkersBiophysical250®
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis. Arthritis involves inflammation of one or more joints and the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage normally protects the joint, allowing for smooth movement. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk or otherwise bear weight. Without the usual amount of cartilage, the bones rub together, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and the formation of bone spurs.
Established Biomarkers
Specialized Biomarkers
Emerging Biomarkers
C-reactive protein
Ferritin
Haptoglobin
Rheumatoid factor
von Willebrand factor
Collagen type 1 antibody
Collagen type 2 antibody
Collagen type 4 antibody
Collagen type 6 antibody
Heat shock cognate protein 70 antibody
Heat shock protein 32 antibody
Heat shock protein 65 antibody
Heat shock protein 71 antibody
Heat shock protein 90 alpha antibody
Heat shock protein 90 beta antibody